Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the
English Reformation and
Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of
Henry VIII and
Edward VI. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from
Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the
Holy See. During Cranmer's tenure as archbishop, he was responsible for establishing the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the
Church of England. Under Henry's rule, he succeeded in publishing the first officially authorised
vernacular service, the
Exhortation and Litany. Later, he wrote and compiled the first two editions of the
Book of Common Prayer, a complete liturgy for the English Church. Cranmer
promulgated reformed doctrines through the Prayer Book, the
Homilies and other publications. Cranmer was tried for treason and heresy when
Mary I came to the throne. Imprisoned for over two years, he made several recantations and reconciled himself with the Roman Catholic faith. However, on the day of his execution, he dramatically withdrew his recantations and died as a martyr. His legacy lives on within the Church of England through the
Book of Common Prayer and the
Thirty-Nine Articles.